AP Euro Notes on Renaissance

AP Euro Notes on reincarnation EssayThe counterweight of indicator among the Italian associates 1 . Italy had no political wizard it was dual-lane into associates much(prenominal) as Milan, Venice, and Florence, the grandiloquent States, and a soil of Naples in the s show uph. 2. The political and economic contender among the associates pr heretoforeted centralization of designer. 3. fault alliances among the associates take to the creation of per piece of musicent ambassadors. 4. by and by 1494 a divided Italy became a europiuman battleground. Intellectual hallmarks of the spiritual rebirth A. M incessantlyy, care the poet and mankind beingsistic Patriarch, saw the fourteenth cytosine as a innovative olden get along with and a revitalization of antique roman letters till eon.B. Individualism 1 . Literature specifically pertain with the tempera workforcet of individuality emerged. 2. renascence slew believed in individual volition and genius. C. humanis m 1 . Italians collected ancient manuscripts and monu custodyts, and copied the ancient roman sign life mood. 2. The take up of the classics light-emitting diode to gentlemanism, an emphasis on human beings. A. Humanists desire to understand human nature by factor of a study of pagan and true authors and Christian thought. B. The humanist writer Pico Della Miranda believed that in that consider were no limits to what human beings could accomplish. . Ancient Latin style was considered A-one to medieval Latin. D. blasphemous spirit 1 . Secularism means a concern with philistinism rather than religion. 2. dissimilar medieval volume, rebirth the great unwashed were concerned with money and joy. A. In On Pleasure, Lorenz Villa defend the pleasure of the senses as the highest good. B. In the Dodecahedron, Vacation portray an acquisitive and lay friend send out. 3. The perform did comminuted to combat unconsecratedism in fact, numerous an(prenominal) popes were r eincarnation patrons and p maneuvericipantsand the church even gave up its antagonist to usury. invention and artisans achievements, led by Florence and Rome. B. Art and power 1 . In the too soon reincarnation, powerful urban groups delegationed drop dead of art, which remained everyplacewhelmingly phantasmal. 2. In the later 15th century, individuals and oligarchs began to sponsor works of art as a means of glorifications. 3. Wealthy people began to spend little on contendfare and much on art and architecture. A. At first the tail chamber agency was the or so primary(prenominal), exactly later some(prenominal) other retinue were even much decorated. B. The homes private chapel was the most exuberant and expensive. 4.As the century advanced, art became to a greater extent and more than(prenominal) secular, and jeune fille cognitive contents became popular. A. The style of art pitchd in the 15th century. B. The individual depicting emerged as a distinct genre. C. picture and sculpture became more naturalistic and real, and the human body was glorified, as in the work of the sculptors Donated and Michelangelo. D. A new-sprung(prenominal)found international style emphasized color, nonfunctional detail, and curvilinear rhythms. E. In painting, the put on of billet was pioneered by brucellosis and Della Francesca. C. The position of the artist 1 .The stead of the artist modify during the renascence most work was done with(p) by commission from a prince. . The fanciful genius of the artist was recognized and rewarded. 3. The metempsychosis was largely an elitist driving spiritual rebirth culture did non instantly affect the eye classes or the urban working class. 0 Social change of the reincarnation A. precept and political thought 1 . Humanists were intimacyed in program line, specially the training of rulers, and honourable behavior. A. Verger wrote a treatise on education that disturbed the teaching of hist ory, ethics, and hot air (public speaking). B.Castigations The Courtier, which was goodly read, expound the model Renaissance gentleman as a man of legion(predicate) Allens, including skilful and artistic skills. C. Machiavellian The Prince described how to acquire, maintain, and outgrowth political power. D. Machiavelli believed that the pol should manipulate people and use any means to brighten power. E. Machiavelli did non advise amoral behavior simply believed that political operation cannot be governed by moral considerations. B. The printed countersignature 1. The invention in 1455 of movable type by Gutenberg, Fuss, and suchoffer do possible the create of a wide variety of texts. . mental picture transformed the lives of europiumans by making propaganda possible, further a wider jolty identity, ND modify literacy. C. Clocks 1. By about 1320 virtually Europeans had learned how to mensurate time by use of the mechanised clockmeaning bells. 2. Clocks were central for understanding and absolute urban-economic life. D. Women and work in Renaissance society 1 . around women married, were responsible for domesticated help affairs, and frequently worked international the home. 2. Women worked in ship building, textiles, agriculture, as nearly as midwives and servants. 3. shoot renaissance/ praise study guideCompared to women in the previous age, the status of uppercases women declined during the Renaissance. 4.. The Renaissance did not include women in the general onward motion of educational opportunities. Women were expect to use their education solely to wear a household. E. refining and 1 . With respect to call forth and love, a double streamer was applied as sex for women was cut back to conglutination, while men could pursue sex outside of marriage. 2. The impair of women by uppercases men was frequent and not considered a weighty offense. 3. Sex crimes occurred and were punished, notwithstanding women appea r to be victims in few cases than earlier. . Homosexual dedicate appears to perk up been normal, in particular base on relationship mingled with men and boys. 5. several(prenominal) of this sexual action mechanism seems to have evolved out of kindly-community needs of men. 6. The absolute frequency of anti-sodomys laws in the fifteenth century suggests that quirk was widespread, difficult to outlaw, and important in shape masculine sex identity. F. discolors and ethnimetropolis in Renaissance society 1 . Enslavement of Slavic peoples in easterly Europe was commonas Germans and others enslaved and/or sold polish up and Bohemian people. 2.Italians brought umteen white slaves to Europe by elbow room of the Mediterranean. 3. Beginning in the fifteenth century, opprobrious slaves were brought into Europe in large numbers. 4. Black slavery in Europe appears to have been slight harsh than that in America. 5. whatsoever black rulers in Africa adopted a European modus vivendi and participated in marketing their black people into European slavery. 6. Africans, in fact, were of different ethnic groups and thus biracial. 7. Blacks as slaves and freemen filled a variety of positions, from laborers to dancers and actors and musicians. 8.The European attitude toward blacks was ambivalentblackness symbolized twain evil and humility. 9. In the Renaissance, blacks were displayed as signs of wealth. 0 The Renaissance in the north began in the last pull out of the fifteenth century. A. It was more Christian than the Renaissance in Italy, and it hard put social repossess based on Christian ideals. B. Christian humanists sought to create a more perfect arena by combine the best elements of determinate and Christian cultures. 1. Humanists like Leftever believed in the use of the Bible by common people. 2.doubting Thomas more, the author of Utopia, believed that society, not people, needed improving. A. More was a Christian lawyer and parson of King e nthalpy sevensomeI. B. His Utopia was a socialist society based on common ownership and social equality. 3. The Dutch monk Erasmus best represents Christian animus in his emphasis on education as the cay to a moral and able improvement and midland Christianity. C. The stories of the cut humanist Rabbles were distinctly secular only liquid had a heavy purpose. 1. Like More, Rabbles believed that institutions shape individuals and that education was the key to moral life. . His books on the adventures of Gargantuan and pentangular were spoofs on french social life. D. northerly art and architecture were more religious than in Italy and less influenced by neoclassical themes and motifs. 1. Van break off painted realistic works with care to human personality. 2. Busch employ religion and tribe legends as themes. 3. The city halls of northern Europe were grand architectural monuments. 0 administration and the state in the Renaissance (ca. 1450-1521) A. Afterburners rulers began the influence of order through centralization of power. 1.The dissolvent was the rise of many powerful and unkind rulers interested in the centralization of power and the elimination of disturbance and violence. 2. Many of them, such as Louis XSL of France, henry septenary of England, and Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, seemed to be acting concord to Machiavellian principles. 3. These monarchs invested kingship with a monarchs were not all originalsome of them had their roots in the Middle Ages. 5. The ideas of the new monarchs were not unaccompanied originalsome of them had their roots in the Middle Ages. B. France by and by the Hundred days War 1 . READ Humanism in Renaissance Art EssayCharles seven ushered in an age of recovery and ended civil war. A. He expelled the English, reorganized the proud council, strengthened kingly finances, reformed the jurist system, and remodeled the army. B. He do the church subject to the state. 2. Louis XSL expanded the c ut state and displace the foundations of later French absolutism. C. England also suffered from disorder. . feudalistic lords controlled the kinglike council and sevens in the fifteenth century. 2. Between 1455 and 1471, the houses of York and Lancaster fought a civil war called the Wars of the Roses that hurt trade, agriculture, and domestic industry. . Edward IV and his chase began to restore olympian power, avoided expensive war, and cut down their reliance on Parliament for funds. 4. The English Parliament had become a power center for the noblesse but was manipulated by henry VII into becoming a tool of the king. 5. Henry VII utilize the munificent council and the courtroom of Star bedroom to check risque power. 6. Henry VII and his successors won the donjon of the upper fondness class promoting their interest in money, trade, and stability. D. Spain sullen against its own pagan diversity 1 .The reconstitutes was the centurions attempt to commingle Spain and e xpel Muslims and Jews. 2. The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella was the last study step in the unification and Christianization of Spain. A. below their reign, however, Spain remained a unloosen confederation of speciate states. B. They utilize the harnessed, or local constabulary forces, to administer kingly Justice. 3. Ferdinand and Isabella restructured the royal council to tick aristocratic power. . The church was also use to strengthen royal authority. 5.Ferdinand and Isabella completed the reconstitutes in 1492, but many Jews remained because they aided royal power. A. Jews were often financiers and professionals many (called converses) had converted but were still dislike and distrusted. B. Needing a whipping boy during the Black Death, Spanish mobs killed many Jews. C. Ferdinand and Isabella resuscitate the Inquisition and used its cruel methods to meld Spain and expel the Jews. 6. Spanish Christians rejected converses on the basis of raceout of business concern of converses taking over public offices. virtually Jews fled from Spain.